Hi @reberlik!
I like how much you have thought about this image! I can tell you have put a ton of work into it. I'm new here, so I was wondering if you could tell me what your goal is in general with art? Are you trying to work in a specific field as an illustrator or are you looking to develop your work as a fine artist exhibiting in galleries? Knowing your direction influences the sort of advice you are going to need to move forward on your pieces.
That said I think the concept is very clear right off- this is an illustration of a relationship that isn't working anymore. There are toxic elements to this relationship. However, I think what you need is a bit of simplification. There are a ton of ideas happening here with the elements around the characters. Maybe a good exercise will be to take away some of the elements to see if the story still reads. The box with the photos and the broken mirror spilling out, for instance, is less informative than the portrait of them hugging in the background. The bed and the furniture could go as well.
What would happen if you made the portrait behind them part of an actual web- the lines being the lines of a web and the spider coming out from that and hanging onto the moth?
I think where the confusion lies in the character design is all of the things coming off of the characters. The spider reads well, in my opinion, as it has a strong silhouette. But the strands of hair next to the face of the moth are confusing as they are the same color as the character's skin. Changing the color of the hair might help clarify it a bit. Maybe having just a single web connecting the two characters might help rather than so many. I think simplification in this piece will be your friend.
The emotion in this piece is great. I understood it at a glance. The mood is perfect for this sort of story and the characters have great gesture and strong facial expression. I think stripping elements away to the most essential and then slowly adding them back in might be the key. I hope that is helpful!